A Catholic Clergy Perspective: The Fifth Ecumenical Council: The Second Council of Constantinople by Father Glenn Baaten

Friday, October 30, 2026

The Fifth Ecumenical Council: The Second Council of Constantinople by Father Glenn Baaten

The Second Council of Constantinople, held in 553 AD, was attended by approximately 165 bishops, primarily from the Greek-speaking Church of the East, with comparatively limited representation from the Latin-speaking West. Pope Vigilius initially opposed the proceedings and did not attend the Council. Although he later accepted its doctrinal conclusions, his confirmation of the Council’s decrees came after a period of considerable controversy, in 554–555.

This Council took place just over 100 years after the pivotal Council of Chalcedon in 451 AD. At Chalcedon, the Church affirmed that Jesus Christ is one divine Person in two natures—fully divine and fully human—united without confusion or division. This union is known as the Hypostatic Union.

Despite the Council of Chalcedon’s clear teaching, disagreements continued among certain groups within the Church. Some believed that the distinction between Christ’s divine and human natures implied a separation within His Person. These concerns were associated with the Christological controversies surrounding Nestorianism. The Second Council of Constantinople sought to address these divisions and reaffirm the Church’s understanding of the unity of Christ’s Person.

Among the Council’s principal accomplishments were the following:

· Reaffirmation of the Earlier Councils: The Council reaffirmed the teachings of the first four Ecumenical Councils—Nicaea, Constantinople I, Ephesus, and Chalcedon—and upheld the doctrine of the Hypostatic Union: Jesus Christ is one Person in two distinct, fully divine and fully human natures, without confusion or separation.

· Mary as Theotokos: The Council reaffirmed the Church’s Christological teaching concerning the Blessed Virgin Mary and the title Theotokos, meaning “God-bearer” or “Mother of God.” This title expresses the truth that the One born of Mary is truly the divine Son of God, who took on our human nature.

· Condemnation of the Three Chapters: The Council condemned the writings and teachings collectively known as the “Three Chapters.” These included the writings of Theodore of Mopsuestia, certain writings of Theodoret of Cyrus associated with opposition to St. Cyril of Alexandria and the Council of Ephesus, and a letter attributed to Ibas of Edessa. The controversy surrounding these writings arose from concerns that they promoted or appeared to support Nestorian teachings inconsistent with the Church’s understanding of Christ’s unity.

These doctrinal points concerning Jesus may seem academic and abstract, but they are central to our understanding of Christ’s saving work on our behalf. In Him—in His very Person—dwells the fullness of divinity, united with the fullness of our human nature. As Scripture reminds us, Jesus was like us in every respect, yet without sin (Hebrews 4:15).

His divine and human natures retain their full integrity, united perfectly in the one Person of Jesus Christ. Because He is truly God and truly man, our Savior is the ideal Mediator between our righteous Father in Heaven and us, sinful human beings. He is, in other words, our perfect bridge to heaven! Through His Incarnation, Passion, Death, and Resurrection, Christ bridges the separation caused by sin and opens the way for our reconciliation with God.

May the holy name of Jesus Christ be praised forever!

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Bishop Kevin W. Vann, JCD, DD, D MIN

He was ordained on May 30, 1981, and was assigned to graduate studies in canon law at the Angelicum in Rome, with residence at the graduate house of the North American College, the Casa Santa Maria dell’ Umilta. Pope Leo XIV, when a priest, also attended these classes at the same time. Upon returning to the Diocese of Springfield, Illinois, Father Vann participated in the work of the Diocesan Tribunal and the Tribunal of Second Instance in Chicago. He served as pastor of parishes ranging in size from 35 to 1,300 families, two which had large schools. He taught canon law at Kenrick Seminary. Before he was named bishop, he was pastor of Blessed Sacrament Parish in Springfield, Vicar for Priests and the Diocesan contact for Hispanic Ministry. Bishop Vann was ordained and installed as the third bishop of the Catholic Diocese of Forth Worth, Texas, on July 13, 2005, at Texas Christian University’s Daniel-Meyer Coliseum. In Texas, he collaborated closely with other bishops through the Texas Catholic Conference and Region X, which includes dioceses of States of Texas, Oklahoma and Arkansas. He is the former Texas Bishops’ Liaison to the Texas Mission Council and Texas Catholic hospitals. And, through the U.S. Conference of Bishops, Bishop Vann was a leader in the Texas Conference of Bishops, providing leadership for various initiatives at the national level, including service on ad hoc committee which assisted the Vatican’s Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) to guide the incorporation of Anglican groups into the Catholic Church of the United States. On September 21, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI announced Bishop Vann’s appointment as the fourth bishop of Orange, the 11th largest diocese in the country and the second-largest west of the Mississippi with 1.3 million multicultural Catholics. He continues to lead the historic effort to transform the former Crystal Cathedral from a world-renowned center of Protestant worship into the West Coast’s most visible center of Catholicism.

Father Glenn Baaten

A priest of the ordinariate of the Chair of St. Peter, a community with the Catholic Church made up of former Anglicans and Episcopalians. He Currently serves as Parish Administrator of St. John Henry Newman Catholic Church in Irvine and as Chaplain of Santiago Retreat Center in Silverado. His ministry within the Diocese of Orange, California, is a collaborative appointment by Bishop Steven Lopes and Bishop Kevin Vann. Fr. Glenn was ordained to the Catholic priesthood on June 24, 2016, the Feast of St. John the Baptist. His journey to the Catholic Church followed years of faithful ministry in Protestant communities. He was ordained a Presbyterian pastor in 1998 and served a PCUSA parish in Cincinnati, Ohio. After returning to California in 2010, he discerned a call to Anglican ministry and was ordained in the Church of England tradition in 2013. He relinquished his Anglican holy orders and, after catechesis, was received into the Church on Christmas eve of that year. Fr. Glenn has been married to Cathy for 42 years. They are the blessed parents of two adult children and grandparents of three. His ministry is marked by a strong commitment to evangelization, Christian unity and sacred beauty of the liturgy. As a follower of Christ these many past decades – most especially as a priest – Fr. Glenn is committed to sharing the grace and love of Jesus to all and living the depth of that faith in the fulness of the Catholic Church.

Deacon Jim Merle

Deacon Jim was ordained 20 years ago on April 30, 2005, and lives in Southern California where he has served the Catholic Church on parish, diocesan and national levels. He periodically writes Pastoral Letters for church bulletins, as well as articles for the Diaconate community’s “Bowl & Towel” and the diocesan newspaper in addition to “A Catholic Deacon’s Perspective,” recently renamed “A Catholic Clergy’s Perspective” with the addition of Bishop Kevin W. Vann and Fr. Glenn Baaten as periodic writers. On the parish level he has served at three parishes involved in helping with Sacramental training, Faith Formation and annulments. His diocesan involvements include a six-year term on the Diaconate Personnel Board, a founding committee member of the God’s Servants Committee (an educational component of quarterly meetings for active deacons), as a Master of Ceremonies at Confirmations, ordinations, installations and other ceremonies, an Advanced Master Catechist Certification to teach theological and certification classes and recently was selected to head up a Deanery Council of Deacons and their wives to support their ordination faculties and activities in each of the seven deaneries. On a local and national level, he coordinated the Catholic Campaign for Human Development (CCHD) diocesan board for 14 years. CCHD is the domestic social justice arm of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) which distribute parishioner’s donations for non-profit organizations to empower the impoverished, marginalized and disenfranchised who have social justice needs. In his early career he was a writer/reporter for a well-known Chicago newspaper, as well as owning a public relations/advertising firm. He is now semi-retired and works parttime in two professional practices he owns. On a personal note, he is married 57 years, helped rear four children with his wife, a grandfather to 10 grandchildren and a great grandfather to six great grandchildren.

BLOG INTRODUCTION

Scripture is like the eyes into God’s soul. Whether from the Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament) or the New Testament, we can garner, as best we can, who God is (what He feels and how He thinks in human terms). The original and current purpose of this blog, which began in 2019, is to take a three-year cycle of A, B and C Gospels and readings from each Sunday and provide a perspective as it pertains to our current lives as seen through the eyes of a Catholic clergy who serve Catholics in words and deeds per their ordination. Since completing the three-year cycles, it has been expanded to investigate the areas of Commentaries, Scripture and Theology. It is because of that the blog will now have writings from Bishop Kevin Vann, Ordinary of the Diocese of Orange, California, Father Glenn Baaten, a former Anglican priest, ordained into the Roman Catholic Church as a priest, and Deacon Jim Merle, who recently celebrated his 20th year ordination and started this blog. Bishop Vann and Father Glenn will author articles on a periodic basis based upon the time they have to devote to the blog. Deacon Jim will continue to offer weekly articles, still based on the three-year cycle along with various current events that challenge us to balance our humanity with our spiritual lives. The hope is that you, our subscribers, will see this as something of value to help you grow closer to the Lord.